This study aimed at examining the main and interaction effects of increased intentional reasoning demands, planning time, and also language learning aptitude on syntactic complexity, accuracy, lexical complexity, and fluency (CALF) of 226 EFL learners’ performance on letter writing tasks. The participants were first randomly assigned to three experimental groups to be given a task with differin...

We propose a conceptual framework for explaining logical reasoning in terms of competing strategies. Contrary to previous approaches in which a single theory is suggested to explain all logical reasoning, this framework suggests that the core elements of existing theories constitute strategies, each of which have unique processing demands. A strategy is more likely to be used when its processin...

This study aimed to investigate the impact of task sequencing, along +/- reasoning demands dimension, on writing task performance in terms of accuracy.  The study was motivated by Robinson’s Cognition Hypothesis (CH) as well as previous studies investigating the relationships between task complexity and second language production. The participants of the study were 90 intermediate students at t...

this study investigated the effect of sequencing tasks from simple to complex along +/- reasoning demands on fluency in writing task performance of english as foreign language (efl) learners. the participants of this study included 90 intermediate efl learners from three intact class divisions at the islamic azad uni- versity, shahr-e-qods branch. they were distributed in three groups: experime...

this study investigated the impact of sequencing tasks from simple to complex along +/- reasoning demands on the fluency of writing task performance among efl learners. the participants of the study were 90 inter- mediate efl learners from three classes at islamic azad university, shahr-e-qods branch in iran. they were distributed in three groups: experimental a, experimental b, and a control g...

This study investigated the effect of sequencing tasks from simple to complex along +/- reasoning demands on fluency in writing task performance of English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. The participants of this study included 90 intermediate EFL learners from three intact class divisions at the Islamic Azad Uni- versity, Shahr-e-Qods Branch. They were distributed in three groups: Experime...

Reasoning is a key component of adaptable "executive" behavior and is known to depend on a network of frontal and parietal brain regions. However, the mechanisms by which this network supports reasoning and adaptable behavior remain poorly defined. Here, we examine the relationship between reasoning, executive control, and frontoparietal function in a series of nonverbal reasoning experiments. ...

Little is known about the functional and neural architecture of social reasoning, one major obstacle being that we crucially lack the relevant tools to test potentially different social reasoning components. In the case of belief reasoning, previous studies have tried to separate the processes involved in belief reasoning per se from those involved in the processing of the high incidental deman...

Most 4-year-olds can predict the behavior of a person who wants an object but is mistaken about its location. More difficult is predicting behavior when the person is mistaken about location and wants to avoid the object. We tested between two explanations for children's difficulties with avoidance false belief: the Selection Processing model of inhibitory processing and a General Difficulty ac...